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1.
Can Vet J ; 65(4): 359-362, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38562986

RESUMO

A 20-year-old quarter horse gelding was presented for routine dental examination. Periodontal disease and luxation of tooth 108 was diagnosed and oral extraction was planned. After an unsuccessful blind maxillary nerve block, it was elected to perform the procedure under total intravenous anesthesia. Following recovery, a focal superficial corneal ulcer, severe retrobulbar swelling, mild exophthalmos, and marked swelling and prolapse of the third eyelid (nictitating membrane) were observed. Clinical signs persisted beyond 48 h despite the use of systemic anti-inflammatories and topical ocular anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. A temporary tarsorrhaphy was subsequently done at 48 h and the horse was discharged after 5 d of hospitalization and regression of clinical signs. Although it is very useful for easing dental extractions, the blind maxillary nerve block is associated with potential complications due to inadvertent vascular puncture. This case report describes a rare complication of prolapse of the third eyelid in a horse after a maxillary nerve block and successful treatment with a temporary tarsorrhaphy. Key clinical message: This case report explains how nictitating membrane swelling and prolapse can occur following a blind maxillary nerve block in the horse and describes treatment with a temporary tarsorrhaphy.


Hématome orbitaire sévère avec gonflement de la troisième paupière et prolapsus à la suite d'un bloc du nerf maxillaire à l'aveugle chez un cheval. Un hongre quarter horse de 20 ans a été présenté pour un examen dentaire de routine. Une maladie parodontale et une luxation de la dent 108 ont été diagnostiquées et une extraction orale a été planifiée. Après l'échec d'un bloc du nerf maxillaire à l'aveugle, il a été décidé d'effectuer la procédure sous anesthésie intraveineuse. Après la guérison, un ulcère cornéen superficiel focal, un gonflement rétrobulbaire sévère, une légère exophtalmie ainsi qu'un gonflement et un prolapsus marqués de la troisième paupière (membrane nictitante) ont été observés. Les signes cliniques ont persisté au-delà de 48 heures malgré l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires systémiques et d'anti-inflammatoires oculaires topiques et d'antibiotiques. Une tarsorraphie temporaire a ensuite été réalisée à 48 heures et le cheval est sorti après 5 jours d'hospitalisation et de régression des signes cliniques. Bien qu'il soit très utile pour faciliter les extractions dentaires, le bloc du nerf maxillaire à l'aveugle est associé à des complications potentielles dues à une ponction vasculaire involontaire. Ce rapport de cas décrit une complication rare de prolapsus de la troisième paupière chez un cheval après un bloc nerveux maxillaire et un traitement réussi par tarsorraphie temporaire.Message clinique clé:Ce rapport de cas explique comment un gonflement et un prolapsus de la membrane nictitante peuvent survenir à la suite d'un bloc du nerf maxillaire à l'aveugle chez le cheval et décrit le traitement par tarsorraphie temporaire.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Membrana Nictitante , Masculino , Cavalos , Animais , Nervo Maxilar , Prolapso , Edema/veterinária , Hematoma/veterinária , Anti-Inflamatórios , Doenças dos Cavalos/cirurgia
2.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 202: 70-73, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30078601

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to determine if TNF-α protein concentration differs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from healthy horses, horses with naturally occurring exacerbations of severe equine asthma and horses in remission from severe equine asthma. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) protein concentrations were determined in BALF by commercial equine ELISA. Horses with naturally occurring exacerbation of severe equine asthma were found to have significantly lower BALF TNF-α protein concentrations than healthy horses (p = 0.0026). There was no significant difference in BALF TNF-α concentration between horses in exacerbation and remission from disease, but there was a decrease in median TNF-α concentration between healthy horses and horses with clinical exacerbation of severe equine asthma. These findings suggest, that similar to human asthma, the role of TNF-α in chronic lower airway inflammation of horses may differ between disease phenotypes and disease state. Furthermore, the method with which TNF-α is measured (mRNA expression vs. protein concentration) may affect results when studying the role of TNF-α in horses with severe equine asthma.


Assuntos
Asma/veterinária , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Doenças dos Cavalos/imunologia , Cavalos/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Animais , Asma/imunologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/metabolismo , Inflamação/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia
3.
Can J Vet Res ; 82(3): 184-191, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30026642

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to observe the outcomes of adding an antimicrobial treatment to a conventional treatment regime in horses with severe equine asthma in a clinical setting. Eleven client-owned horses with a history consistent with severe equine asthma, increased respiratory effort and nostril flaring, ≥ 20% neutrophils on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and a positive tracheal wash (TW) bacterial culture were treated with environmental management, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators. Six horses were also treated with an antimicrobial (principal group), while the other 5 were administered saline as a placebo (control group). Treatment with antimicrobials significantly improved the post-treatment clinical score of the principal group compared with the pre-treatment score, whereas no significant difference occurred in the control group. The principal group also had significantly less neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity post-treatment than pre-treatment, with a median difference of -0.39 units/[protein] in the principal group and a median difference of -0.21 units/[protein] in the controls. There was no difference in MPO activity pre- versus post-treatment in the control group. No differences were noted in the intra-group comparisons of pre- versus post-treatment BAL neutrophil counts, mucus scores, and concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in either group. There were no differences found in the inter-group comparisons of the principal versus controls for each of the pre- and post-treatment time periods for BAL neutrophil count, mucus score, clinical scores, MPO activity, and IL-8 or TNF-α concentrations. The role of airway bacteria in horses with severe equine asthma requires further investigation as antimicrobial therapy improved post-treatment clinical scores and decreased MPO activity in the group of horses studied, but did not affect other measures of airway inflammation.


L'objectif de la présente étude était d'observer dans un contexte clinique les résultats de l'ajout d'un traitement antimicrobien au traitement conventionnel de chevaux souffrant d'asthme sévère. Onze chevaux appartenant à des propriétaires et ayant une histoire correspondant avec de l'asthme sévère, un effort inspiratoire augmenté et un élargissement des narines, ≥ 20 % de neutrophiles dans le lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA), et une culture bactérienne positive à partir du lavage trachéal (LT) ont été traités par gestion de leur environnement, des corticostéroïdes, et des broncho-dilatateurs. Six chevaux ont également été traités avec un antimicrobien (groupe principal) alors que les cinq autres chevaux ont reçu de la saline à titre de placebo (groupe témoin). Le traitement avec les antimicrobiens améliora de manière significative le score clinique post-traitement du groupe principal comparativement au score pré-traitement, alors qu'aucune différence significative ne fut notée dans le groupe témoin. Dans le groupe principal on nota également qu'il y avait significativement moins d'activité myéloperoxydase (MPO) des neutrophiles post-traitement comparativement à pré-traitement, avec une différence médiane de −0,39 unités/[protéine] dans le groupe principal et une différence médiane de −0,21 unités/[protéine] dans le groupe témoin. Il n'y avait pas de différence de l'activité MPO pré- versus post-traitement dans le groupe témoin. Aucune différence ne fut notée dans les comparaisons intra-groupe pré- versus posttraitement du dénombrement de neutrophiles dans les LAB, du score de mucus, et des concentrations d'interleukine-8 (IL-8) ou du facteuralpha nécrosant des tumeurs (TNF-α) dans les liquides de lavage broncho-alvéolaire (LLBA) d'un groupe ou l'autre. Aucune différence ne fut trouvée dans les comparaisons inter-groupes du principal versus les témoins pour chacune des périodes de temps pré- et post-traitement pour le dénombrement des neutrophiles des LAB, le score de mucus, les scores cliniques, l'activité MPO, et les concentrations d'IL-8 ou de TNF-α. Le rôle des bactéries dans les voies respiratoires des chevaux souffrant d'asthme sévère nécessite des études supplémentaires étant donné que les thérapies antimicrobiennes ont améliorés les scores cliniques post-traitement et ont diminué l'activité MPO dans le groupe de chevaux étudiés, mais n'affecta pas d'autres mesures de l'inflammation des voies respiratoires.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Asma/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Traqueia/microbiologia , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/microbiologia , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos , Interleucina-8/química , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Masculino , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
4.
Can Vet J ; 57(7): 771-6, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27429468

RESUMO

Two horses from Saskatchewan were presented with signs of sweating, muscle fasciculations, weight loss, and generalized weakness. The horses were diagnosed with equine motor neuron disease (EMND), by histological assessment of a spinal accessory nerve or sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle biopsy. This is the first report of EMND in western Canada.


Maladie équine des motoneurones chez 2 chevaux de la Saskatchewan. Deux chevaux de la Saskatchewan ont été présentés avec des signes de sudation, de fibrillations musculaires, de perte de poids et de faiblesse généralisée. On a diagnostiqué la maladie équine des motoneurones (MEMN) chez les chevaux en effectuant une évaluation histologique d'un nerf accessoire de la colonne vertébrale ou une biopsie du muscle sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis. Il s'agit du premier rapport de MEMN dans l'Ouest canadien.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Doença dos Neurônios Motores/veterinária , Animais , Canadá , Cavalos , Masculino , Saskatchewan
5.
Vet Anaesth Analg ; 41(4): 346-56, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24673858

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cardiopulmonary effects of infusions of remifentanil or morphine, and their influence on recovery of horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover study with 7-day rest periods. ANIMALS: Six adult horses (507 ± 61 kg). METHODS: After the horses were sedated with xylazine, anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam, and maintained with isoflurane. After approximately 60 minutes, a dexmedetomidine infusion was started (0.25 µg kg(-1) then 1.0 µg(-1) kg(-1) hour(-1) ) in combination with either saline (group S), morphine (0.15 mg kg(-1) then 0.1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) ; group M), or remifentanil (6.0 µg kg(-1) hour(-1) ; group R) for 60 minutes. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were recorded every 5 minutes. Core body temperature, cardiac output, right ventricular and arterial blood-gas values were measured every 15 minutes. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), intrapulmonary shunt fraction, alveolar dead space, oxygen delivery and extraction ratio were calculated. Recoveries were videotaped and scored by two observers blinded to the treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures anova followed by Dunnett's or Bonferroni's significant difference test. Recovery scores were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: No significant differences were found among groups. Compared to baseline, heart rate decreased and SVR increased significantly in all groups, and cardiac index significantly decreased in groups S and M. Hemoglobin concentration, oxygen content and oxygen delivery significantly decreased in all groups. The oxygen extraction ratio significantly increased in groups M and R. Lactate concentration significantly increased in group S. Recovery scores were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with remifentanil or morphine infusions was infused for 60 minutes without adverse effects in the 6 healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses in this study.


Assuntos
Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Cavalos , Isoflurano/farmacologia , Morfina/farmacologia , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/farmacologia , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Inalatórios/farmacologia , Animais , Gasometria , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Corporal , Estudos Cross-Over , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Isoflurano/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Piperidinas/administração & dosagem , Remifentanil
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